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05/04/1966 Uitwateringsverdrag
Internationaal verdrag van 5 april 1966 betreffende de uitwatering van schepen

Chapter II Conditions of assignment of freeboard

Regulation 10 Information to be supplied to the master

(1)

The master of every new ship shall be supplied with information to arrange for the loading and ballasting of his ship in such a way as to avoid the creation of any unacceptable stresses in the ship's structure, provided that this requirement need not apply to any particular length, design or class of ship where the Administration considers it to be unnecessary.

(2)

Information shall be provided to the master in a form that is approved by the Administration or a recognised organization. Stability information, and loading information also related to ship strength when required under paragraph (1), shall be carried on board at all times together with evidence that the information has been approved by the Administration.

(3)

A ship which is not required under the International Convention for Safety of Life at Sea in force to undergo an inclining test upon its completion shall:
(a)
be so inclined and the actual displacement and position of the centre of gravity shall be determined for the lightship condition;
(b)
if the Administration so approves, have its inclining test on completion dispensed with, provided basic stability data are available from the inclining test of a sister ship and it is shown to the satisfaction of the Administration that reliable stability information for the ship can be obtained from such basic data;
(c)
if the Administration decides that the performance of an inclining experiment is not practicable or safe or yields inaccurate results due to the specific proportions, arrangements, strength or hull form of a ship, have the ship's lightship characteristics determined by a detailed weight estimate confirmed by a lightweight survey;
(d)
have such information supplied for the use of its master as is necessary to enable the master, by rapid and simple processes, to obtain accurate guidance as to the stability of the ship under all conditions likely to be encountered in normal service; and
(e)
carry on board at all times its approved stability information together with evidence that the information has been approved by the Administration.

(4)

Where any alterations are made to a ship so as to materially affect the loading or stability information supplied to the master, amended information shall be provided. If necessary the ship shall be re-inclined.

Regulation 11 Superstructure end bulkheads

Bulkheads at exposed ends of enclosed superstructures shall be of an acceptable level of strength.

Regulation 12 Doors

(1)

All access openings in bulkheads at ends of enclosed superstructures shall be fitted with doors of steel or other equivalent material, permanently and strongly attached to the bulkhead, and framed, stiffened and fitted so that the whole structure is of equivalent strength to the un-pierced bulkhead and weathertight when closed. The means for securing these doors weathertight shall consist of gaskets and clamping devices or other equivalent means and shall be permanently attached to the bulkhead or to the doors themselves, and the doors shall be so arranged that they can be operated from both sides of the bulkhead.

(2)

Unless otherwise permitted by the Administration, doors shall open outwards to provide additional security against the impact of the sea.

(3)

Except as otherwise provided in these regulations, the height of the sills of access openings in bulkheads at ends of enclosed superstructures shall be at least 380 mm above the deck.

(4)

Portable sills shall be avoided. However, in order to facilitate the loading/unloading of heavy spare parts or similar, portable sills may be fitted on the following conditions:
(a)
they shall be installed before the ship leaves port; and
(b)
they shall be gasketed and fastened by closely spaced through bolts.

Regulation 13 Position of hatchways, doorways and ventilators

For the purpose of these regulations, two positions of hatchways, doorways and ventilators are defined as follows:
Position 1 Upon exposed freeboard and raised quarter decks, and upon exposed superstructure decks situated forward of a point located a quarter of the ship's length from the forward perpendicular.
Position 2 Upon exposed superstructure decks situated abaft a quarter of the ship's length from the forward perpendicular and located at least one standard height of superstructure above the freeboard deck. Upon exposed superstructure decks situated forward of a point located a quarter of the ship's length from the forward perpendicular and located at least two standard heights of superstructure above the freeboard deck.

Regulation 14 Cargo and other hatchways

(1)

The construction and means for securing the weathertightness of cargo and other hatchways in position 1 and 2 shall be at least equivalent to the requirements of regulation 16, unless the application of regulation 15 to such hatchways is granted by the Administration.

(2)

Coamings and hatchway covers to exposed hatchways on decks above the superstructure deck shall comply with the requirements of the Administration.

Regulation 14-1 Hatchway coamings

(1)

The coamings of hatchways shall be of substantial construction in accordance with their position, and their height above the deck shall be at least as follows:
(a)
600 mm if in position 1; and
(b)
450 mm if in position 2.

(2)

In the case of hatchways which comply with regulation 16(2) through (5), the height of these coamings may be reduced, or the coamings omitted entirely, on condition that the Administration is satisfied that the safety of the ship is not thereby impaired in any sea conditions.

Regulation 15 Hatchways closed by portable covers and secured weathertight by tarpaulins and battening devices

(1) Hatchway covers

The width of each bearing surface for hatchway covers shall be at least 65 mm.

(2)

Where covers are made of wood, the finished thickness shall be at least 60 mm in association with a span of not more than 1.5 m.

(3)

Where covers are made of mild steel the strength shall be calculated in accordance with the requirement of regulation 16(2) to (4) and the product of the maximum stress thus calculated and the factor 1.25 shall not exceed the minimum upper yield point strength of the material. They shall be so designed as to limit the deflection to not more than 0.0056 times the span under these loads.

(4) Portable beams

Where portable beams for supporting hatchway covers are made of mild steel, the strength shall be calculated with assumed loads not less than 3.5 t/m2 on hatchways in position 1 and not less than 2.6 t/m2 on hatchways in position 2 and the product of the maximum stress thus calculated and the factor 1.47 shall not exceed the minimum upper yield point strength of the material. They shall be so designed as to limit the deflection to not more than 0.0044 times the span under these loads.

(5)

The assumed loads on hatchways in position 1 may be reduced to 2 t/m2 for ships 24 m in length and shall be not less than 3.5 t/m2 for ships 100 m in length. The corresponding loads on hatchways in position 2 may be reduced to 1.5 t/m2 and 2.6 t/m2, respectively. In all cases, values at intermediate lengths shall be obtained by linear interpolation.

(6) Pontoon covers

Where pontoon covers used in place of portable beams and covers are made of mild steel, the strength shall be calculated in accordance with the requirement of regulation 16(2) to (4) and the product of the maximum stress thus calculated and the factor 1.47 shall not exceed the minimum upper yield point strength of the material. They shall be so designed as to limit the deflection to not more than 0.0044 times the span. Mild steel plating forming the tops of covers shall be not less in thickness than 1 % of the spacing of stiffeners or 6 mm if that be greater.

(7)

The strength and stiffness of covers made of materials other than mild steel shall be equivalent to those of mild steel to the satisfaction of the Administration.

(8) Carriers or sockets

Carriers or sockets for portable beams shall be of substantial construction, and shall provide means for the efficient fitting and securing of the beams. Where rolling types of beams are used, the arrangements shall ensure that the beams remain properly in position when the hatchway is closed.

(9) Cleats

Cleats shall be set to fit the taper of the wedges. They shall be at least 65 mm wide and spaced not more than 600 mm centre to centre; the cleats along each side or end shall be not more than 150 mm from the hatch corners.

(10) Battens and wedges

Battens and wedges shall be efficient and in good condition. Wedges shall be of tough wood or other equivalent material. They shall have a taper of not more than 1 in 6 and shall be not less than 13 mm thick at the toes.

(11) Tarpaulins

At least two layers of tarpaulin in good condition shall be provided for each hatchway in position 1 or 2. The tarpaulins shall be waterproof and of ample strength. They shall be of a material of at least an approved standard weight and quality.

(12) Securing of hatchway covers

For all hatchways in position 1 or 2 steel bars or other equivalent means shall be provided in order efficiently and independently to secure each section of hatchway covers after the tarpaulins are battened down. Hatchway covers of more than 1.5 m in length shall be secured by at least two such securing appliances.

Regulation 16 Hatchways closed by weathertight covers of steel or other equivalent materials

(1)

All hatchways in position 1 and 2 shall be fitted with hatch covers of steel or other equivalent material. Except as provided in regulation 14(2), such covers shall be weathertight and fitted with gaskets and clamping devices. The means for securing and maintaining weathertightness shall be to the satisfaction of the Administration. The arrangements shall ensure that the tightness can be maintained in any sea conditions, and for this purpose tests for tightness shall be required at the initial survey, and may be required at renewal and annual surveys or at more frequent intervals.

(2)

For ships of 100 m in length and above:
(a)
Position 1 hatch covers located in the forward quarter of the ship's length shall be designed for wave loads at the forward perpendicular, calculated from the following equation:
Load = 5 + (LH -100) × a in t/m2
where:
LH is L for ships of not more than 340 m but not less than 100 m in length and equal to 340 m for ships of more than 340 m in length;
L is the length of the ship (meters), as defined in regulation 3;
a is given in table 16.1, and reduced linearly to 3.5 t/m2 at the end of the forward quarter's length, as shown in table 16.2. The design load used for each hatch cover panel shall be that determined at its midpoint location.
(b)
All other position 1 hatch covers shall be designed to 3.5 t/m2.
(c)
Position 2 hatch covers shall be designed to 2.6 t/m2.
(d)
Where a position 1 hatchway is located at least one superstructure standard height higher than the freeboard deck, it may be designed to 3.5 t/m2.
Table 16.1
 
a
Type B freeboard ships
0.0074
Ships assigned reduced freeboard by regulation 27(9) or (10)
0.0363
Table 16.2
 
Longitudinal position
 
FP
0.25L
Aft of 0.25L
L > 100 m
Freeboard deck
Equation in 16(2)(a)
3.5 t/m2
3.5 t/m2
Superstructure deck
3.5 t/m2
2.6 t/m2
 
L = 100 m
Freeboard deck
5 t/m2
3.5t/m2
3.5 t/m2
Superstructure deck
3.5 t/m2
2.6 t/m2
 
L = 24 m
Freeboard deck
2.43 t/m2
2 t/m2
2 t/m2
Superstructure deck
 
2 t/m2
1.5 t/m2

(3)

For ships 24 m in length:
(a)
Position 1 hatch covers located in the forward quarter of the ship's length shall be designed for wave loads of 2.43 t/m2 at the forward perpendicular and reduced linearly to 2 t/m2 at the end of the forward quarter's length as shown in table 16.2. The design load used for each hatch cover panel shall be that determined at its midpoint location.
(b)
All other position 1 hatch covers shall be designed to 2 t/m2.
(c)
Position 2 hatch covers shall be designed to 1.5 t/m2.
(d)
Where a position 1 hatchway is located at least one superstructure standard height higher than the freeboard deck, it may be designed to 2 t/m2.

(4)

For ships between 24 m and 100 m in length, and for positions between FP and 0.25L, wave loads shall be obtained by linear interpolation of the values shown in table 16.2.

(5)

All hatch covers shall be designed such that:
(a)
the product of the maximum stress determined in accordance with the above loads and the factor of 1.25 does not exceed the minimum upper yield point strength of the material in tension and the critical buckling strength in compression;
(b)
the deflection is limited to not more than 0.0056 times the span;
(c)
steel plating forming the tops of covers is not less in thickness than 1 % of the spacing of stiffeners or 6 mm if that be greater; and
(d)
an appropriate corrosion margin is incorporated.

(6) Securing arrangements

The means for securing and maintaining weathertightness by other means than gaskets and clamping shall be to the satisfaction of the Administration.

(7)

Hatch covers which rest on coamings shall be located in their closed position by means capable of withstanding horizontally acting loads in any sea conditions.

Regulation 17 Machinery space openings

(1)

Machinery space openings in position 1 or 2 shall be properly framed and efficiently enclosed by steel casings of ample strength, and where the casings are not protected by other structures their strength shall be specially considered. Access openings in such casings shall be fitted with doors complying with the requirements of regulation 12(1), the sills of which shall be at least 600 mm above the deck if in position 1, and at least 380 mm above the deck if in position 2. Other openings in such casings shall be fitted with equivalent covers, permanently attached in their proper positions.

(2)

Where machinery casings are not protected by other structures, double doors (i.e. inner and outer doors complying with the requirements of regulation 12(1)) shall be required for ships assigned freeboards less than those based on table 28.2 of regulation 28. An inner sill of 230 mm in conjunction with the outer sill of 600 mm shall be provided.

(3)

Coamings of any fiddley, funnel or machinery space ventilator in an exposed position on the freeboard deck or superstructure deck shall be as high above the deck as is reasonable and practicable. In general, ventilators necessary to continuously supply the machinery space shall have coamings of sufficient height to comply with regulation 19(3), without having to fit weathertight closing appliances. Ventilators necessary to continuously supply the emergency generator room, if this is considered buoyant in the stability calculation or protecting opening leading below, shall have coamings of sufficient height to comply with regulation 19(3), without having to fit weathertight closing appliances.

(4)

Where due to ship size and arrangement this is not practicable, lesser heights for machinery space and emergency generator room ventilator coamings, fitted with weathertight closing appliances in accordance with regulation 19(4), may be permitted by the Administration in combination with other suitable arrangements to ensure an uninterrupted, adequate supply of ventilation to these spaces.

(5)

Fiddley openings shall be fitted with strong covers of steel or other equivalent material permanently attached in their proper positions and capable of being secured weathertight.

Regulation 18 Miscellaneous openings in freeboard and superstructure decks

(1)

Manholes and flush scuttles in position 1 or 2 or within superstructures other than enclosed superstructures shall be closed by substantial covers capable of being made watertight. Unless secured by closely spaced bolts, the covers shall be permanently attached.

(2)

Openings in freeboard decks other than hatchways, machinery space openings, manholes and flush scuttles shall be protected by an enclosed superstructure, or by a deckhouse or companionway of equivalent strength and weathertightness. Similarly, any such opening in an exposed superstructure deck, in the top of a deckhouse on the freeboard deck which gives access to a space below the freeboard deck or a space within an enclosed superstructure shall be protected by an efficient deckhouse or companionway. Doorways in such companionways or deckhouses that lead or give access to stairways leading below, shall be fitted with doors in accordance with regulation 12(1). Alternatively, if stairways within a deckhouse are enclosed within properly constructed companionways fitted with doors complying with regulation 12(1), the external door need not be weathertight.

(3)

Openings in the top of a deckhouse on a raised quarterdeck or superstructure of less than standard height, having a height equal to or greater than the standard quarterdeck height, shall be provided with an acceptable means of closing but need not be protected by an efficient deckhouse or companionway as defined in the regulation, provided that the height of the deckhouse is at least the standard height of a superstructure. Openings in the top of the deck house on a deck house of less than a standard superstructure height may be treated in a similar manner.

(4)

In position 1 the height above the deck of sills to the doorways in companionways shall be at least 600 mm. In position 2 it shall be at least 380 mm.

(5)

Where access is provided from the deck above as an alternative to access from the freeboard deck in accordance with regulation 3(10)(b), then the height of sills into a bridge or poop shall be 380 mm. The same shall apply to deckhouses on the freeboard deck.

(6)

Where access is not provided from above, the height of the sills to doorways in deckhouses on the freeboard deck shall be 600 mm.

(7)

Where the closing appliances of access openings in superstructures and deckhouses are not in accordance with regulation 12(1), interior deck openings shall be considered exposed (i.e. situated in the open deck).

Regulation 19 Ventilators

(1)

Ventilators in position 1 or 2 to spaces below freeboard deck or decks of enclosed superstructures shall have coamings of steel or other equivalent material, substantially constructed and efficiently connected to the deck. Ventilators in position 1 shall have coamings of a height of at least 900 mm above the deck; in position 2 the coamings shall be of a height at least 760 mm above the deck. Where the coaming of any ventilator exceeds 900 mm in height it shall be specially supported.

(2)

Ventilators passing through superstructures other than enclosed superstructures shall have substantially constructed coamings of steel or other equivalent material at the freeboard deck.

(3)

Ventilators in position 1 the coamings of which extend to more than 4.5 m above the deck, and in position 2 the coamings of which extend to more than 2.3 m above the deck, need not be fitted with closing arrangements unless specifically required by the Administration.

(4)

Except as provided in paragraph (3), ventilator openings shall be provided with weathertight closing appliances of steel or other equivalent material. In ships of not more than 100 m in length the closing appliances shall be permanently attached; where not so provided in other ships, they shall be conveniently stowed near the ventilators to which they are to be fitted.

(5)

In exposed locations, the height of coamings may be increased to the satisfaction of the Administration.

Regulation 20 Air pipes

(1)

Where air pipes to ballast and other tanks extend above the freeboard or superstructure decks, the exposed parts of the pipes shall be of substantial construction; the height from the deck to the point where water may have access below shall be at least 760 mm on the freeboard deck and 450 mm on the superstructure deck.

(2)

Where these heights may interfere with the working of the ship, a lower height may be approved, provided that the Administration is satisfied that the closing arrangements and other circumstances justify a lower height.

(3)

Air pipes shall be provided with automatic closing devices.

(4)

Pressure-vacuum valves (PV valves) may be accepted on tankers.

Regulation 21 Cargo ports and other similar openings

(1)

Cargo ports and other similar openings in the sides of ships below the freeboard deck shall be fitted with doors so designed as to ensure the same watertightness and structural integrity as the surrounding shell plating. Unless otherwise granted by the Administration, these opening shall open outwards. The number of such openings shall be the minimum compatible with the design and proper working of the ship.

(2)

Unless otherwise permitted by the Administration, the lower edge of openings referred to in paragraph (1) shall not be below a line drawn parallel to the freeboard deck at side, which is at its lowest point at least 230 mm above the upper edge of the uppermost load line.

(3)

Where it is permitted to arrange cargo ports and other similar openings with their lower edge below the line specified in paragraph (2), additional features shall be fitted to maintain the watertight integrity.

(4)

The fitting of a second door of equivalent strength and watertightness is one acceptable arrangement. A leakage detection device shall be provided in the compartment between the two doors. Drainage of this compartment to the bilges, controlled by a readily accessible screw down valve, shall be arranged. The outer door shall open outwards.

(5)

Arrangements for bow doors and their inner doors, side doors and stern doors and their securings shall be in compliance with the requirements of a recognised organization, or with the applicable national standards of the Administration which provide an equivalent level of safety.

Regulation 22 Scuppers, inlets and discharges

(1)

(a)
Discharges led through the shell either from spaces below the freeboard deck or from within superstructures and deckhouses on the freeboard deck fitted with doors complying with the requirements of regulation 12 shall, except as provided in paragraph (2), be fitted with efficient and accessible means for preventing water from passing inboard. Normally each separate discharge shall have one automatic non-return valve with a positive means of closing it from a position above the freeboard deck. Where the inboard end of the discharge pipe is located at least 0.01L above the Summer Load Line, the discharge may have two automatic non-return valves without positive means of closing. Where that vertical distance exceeds 0.02L, a single automatic non-return valve without positive means of closing may be accepted. The means for operating the positive action valve shall be readily accessible and provided with an indicator showing whether the valve is open or closed.
(b)
One automatic non-return valve and one sluice valve controlled from above the freeboard deck instead of one automatic non-return valve with a positive means of closing from a position above the freeboard deck, is acceptable.
(c)
Where two automatic non-return valves are required, the inboard valve shall always be accessible for examination under service conditions (i.e., the inboard valve shall be above the level of the Tropical Load Line). If this is not practicable, the inboard valve need not be located above the Tropical Load Line, provided that a locally controlled sluice valve is fitted between the two automatic non-return valves.
(d)
Where sanitary discharges and scuppers lead overboard through the shell in way of machinery spaces, a locally operated positive closing valve at the shell, together with a non-return valve inboard, is acceptable. The controls of the valves shall be in an easily accessible position.
(e)
The position of the inboard end of discharges shall be related to the Summer Timber Load Line when a timber freeboard is assigned.
(f)
The requirements for non-return valves are applicable only to those discharges which remain open during the normal operation of a ship. For discharges which are to be kept closed at sea, a single screw down valve operated from the deck is acceptable.
(g)
Table 22.1 provides the acceptable arrangements of scuppers, inlets and discharges.
Table 22.1

(2)

Scuppers led through the shell from enclosed superstructures used for the carriage of cargo shall be permitted only where the edge of the freeboard deck is not immersed when the ship heels 5° either way. In other cases the drainage shall be led inboard in accordance with the requirements of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea in force.

(3)

In manned machinery spaces, main and auxiliary sea inlets and discharges in connection with the operation of machinery may be controlled locally. The controls shall be readily accessible and shall be provided with indicators showing whether the valves are open or closed.

(4)

Scuppers and discharge pipes originating at any level and penetrating the shell either more than 450 mm below the freeboard deck or less than 600 mm above the Summer Load Line shall be provided with a non-return valve at the shell. This valve, unless required by paragraph (1), may be omitted if the piping is of substantial thickness (see paragraph (7) below).

(5)

Scuppers leading from superstructures or deckhouses not fitted with doors complying with the requirements of regulation 12 shall be led overboard.

(6)

All shell fittings and the valves required by this regulation shall be of steel, bronze or other approved ductile material. Valves of ordinary cast iron or similar material are not acceptable. All pipes to which this regulation refers shall be of steel or other equivalent material to the satisfaction of the Administration.

(7)

Scupper and discharge pipes:
(a)
For scupper and discharge pipes, where substantial thickness is not required:
(i)
for pipes having an external diameter equal to or less than 155 mm, the thickness shall not be less than 4.5 mm;
(ii)
for pipes having an external diameter equal to or more than 230 mm, the thickness shall not be less than 6 mm.
Intermediate sizes shall be determined by linear interpolation.
(b)
For scupper and discharge pipes, where substantial thickness is required:
(i)
for pipes having an external diameter equal to or less than 80 mm, the thickness shall not be less than 7 mm;
(ii)
for pipes having an external diameter of 180 mm, the thickness shall not be less than 10 mm;
(iii)
for pipes having an external diameter equal to or more than 220 mm, the thickness shall not be less than 12.5 mm.
Intermediate sizes shall be determined by linear interpolation.

Regulation 22-1 Garbage chutes

(1)

Two gate valves controlled from the working deck of the chute instead of the non-return valve with a positive means of closing from a position above the freeboard deck which comply with the following requirements are acceptable:
(a)
the lower gate valve shall be controlled from a position above the freeboard deck. An interlock system between the two valves shall be arranged;
(b)
the inboard end shall be located above the waterline formed by an 8.5° heel to port or starboard at a draft corresponding to the assigned summer freeboard, but not less than 1,000 mm above the summer waterline. Where the inboard end exceeds 0.01L above the summer waterline, valve control from the freeboard deck is not required, provided the inboard gate valve is always accessible under service conditions; and
(c)
alternatively, the upper and lower gate valves may be replaced by a hinged weathertight cover at the inboard end of the chute together with a discharge flap. The cover and flap shall be arranged with an interlock so that the discharge flap cannot be operated until the hopper cover is closed.

(2)

The entire chute, including the cover, shall be constructed of material of substantial thickness.

(3)

The controls for the gate valves and/or hinged covers shall be clearly marked: “Keep closed when not in use”.

(4)

Where the inboard end of the chute is below the freeboard deck of a passenger ship or the equilibrium waterlines of a cargo ship to which damage stability requirements apply, then:
(a)
the inboard end hinged cover/valve shall be watertight;
(b)
the valve shall be a screw-down non-return valve fitted in an easily accessible position above the deepest load line; and
(c)
the screw-down non-return valve shall be controlled from a position above the bulkhead deck and provided with open/closed indicators. The valve control shall be clearly marked: “Keep closed when not in use”.

Regulation 22-2 Spurling pipes and cable lockers

(1)

Spurling pipes and cable lockers shall be watertight up to the deck exposed to weather.

(2)

Where means of access are provided, they shall be closed by a substantial cover and secured by closely spaced bolts.

(3)

Spurling pipes through which anchor cables are led shall be provided with permanently attached closing appliances to minimize water ingress.

Regulation 23 Side scuttles, windows and skylights

(1)

Side scuttles and windows, together with their glasses, deadlights and storm covers, if fitted, shall be of an approved design and substantial construction. Non- metallic frames are not acceptable.

(2)

Side scuttles are defined as being round or oval openings with an area not exceeding 0.16 m2. Round or oval openings having areas exceeding 0.16 m2 shall be treated as windows.

(3)

Windows are defined as being rectangular openings generally, having a radius at each corner relative to the window size and round or oval openings with an area exceeding 0.16 m2.

(4)

Side scuttles to the following spaces shall be fitted with hinged inside deadlights:
(a)
spaces below freeboard deck;
(b)
spaces within the first tier of enclosed superstructures; and
(c)
first tier deckhouses on the freeboard deck protecting openings leading below or considered buoyant in stability calculations.
Deadlights shall be capable of being closed and secured watertight if fitted below the freeboard deck and weathertight if fitted above.

(5)

Side scuttles shall not be fitted in such a position that their sills are below a line drawn parallel to the freeboard deck at side and having its lowest point 2.5 % of the breadth (B), or 500 mm, whichever is the greatest distance, above the Summer Load Line (or Timber Summer Load Line if assigned).

(6)

If the required damage stability calculations indicate that the side scuttles would become immersed at any intermediate stage of flooding or the final equilibrium waterline, they shall be of the non-opening type.

(7)

Windows shall not be fitted in the following locations:
(a)
below the freeboard deck;
(b)
in the first tier end bulkheads or sides of enclosed superstructures; or
(c)
in first tier deckhouses that are considered buoyant in the stability calculations.

(8)

Side scuttles and windows at the side shell in the second tier shall be provided with hinged inside deadlights capable of being closed and secured weathertight if the superstructure protects direct access to an opening leading below or is considered buoyant in the stability calculations.

(9)

Side scuttles and windows in side bulkheads set inboard from the side shell in the second tier which protect direct access below to spaces listed in paragraph (4) shall be provided with either hinged inside deadlights or, where they are accessible, permanently attached external storm covers which are capable of being closed and secured weathertight.

(10)

Cabin bulkheads and doors in the second tier and above separating side scuttles and windows from a direct access leading below or the second tier considered buoyant in the stability calculations may be accepted in place of deadlights or storm covers fitted to the side scuttles and windows.

(11)

Deckhouses situated on a raised quarter deck or on the deck of a superstructure of less than standard height may be regarded as being in the second tier as far as the requirements for deadlights are concerned, provided that the height of the raised quarter deck or superstructure is equal to or greater than the standard quarter deck height.

(12)

Fixed or opening skylights shall have a glass thickness appropriate to their size and position as required for side scuttles and windows. Skylight glasses in any position shall be protected from mechanical damage and, where fitted in position 1 or 2, shall be provided with permanently attached deadlights or storm covers.

Regulation 24 Freeing ports

(1)

(a)
Where bulwarks on the weather portions of freeboard or superstructure decks form wells, ample provision shall be made for rapidly freeing the decks of water and for draining them.
(b)
Except as provided in paragraphs (1)(c) and (2), the minimum freeing port area (A) on each side of the ship for each well on the freeboard deck shall be that given by the following formulae in cases where the sheer in way of the well is standard or greater than standard.
The minimum area for each well on superstructure decks shall be one-half of the area given by the following formulae:
–
where the length of bulwark (l) in the well is 20 m or less: A = 0.7 + 0035 × l (m²);
–
where l exceeds 20 m: A = 0.07 × l (m²).
l need in no case be taken as greater than 0.7L. If the bulwark is more than 1.2 m in average height, the required area shall be increased by 0004 m² per metre of length of well for each 0.1 m difference in height. If the bulwark is less than 0.9 m in average height, the required area may be decreased by 0004 m² per m of length of well for each 0.1 m difference in height.
(c)
In ships with no sheer, the area calculated according to paragraph (b) shall be increased by 50 %. Where the sheer is less than the standard, the percentage shall be obtained by linear interpolation.
(d)
On a flush deck ship with a deckhouse amidships having a breadth at least 80 % of the beam of the ship and the passageways along the side of the ship not exceeding 1.5 m in width, two wells are formed. Each shall be given the required freeing port area based upon the length of each well.
(e)
Where a screen bulkhead is fitted completely across the ship at the forward end of a midship deckhouse, the exposed deck is divided into two wells and there is no limitation on the breadth of the deckhouse.
(f)
Wells on raised quarterdecks shall be treated as being on freeboard decks.
(g)
Gutter bars greater than 300 mm in height fitted around the weather decks of tankers in way of cargo manifolds and cargo piping shall be treated as bulwarks. Freeing ports shall be arranged in accordance with this regulation. Closures attached to the freeing ports for use during loading and discharge operations are to be arranged in such a way that jamming cannot occur while at sea.

(2)

Where a ship fitted with a trunk does not comply with the requirements of regulation 36(1)(e) or where continuous or substantially continuous hatchway side coamings are fitted between detached superstructures, the minimum area of the freeing port openings shall be calculated from the following table:
Breadth of hatchway or trunk in relation to the breadth of ship
Area of freeing ports in relation to the total area of the bulwarks
40 % or less
20 %
75 % or more
10 %
The area of freeing ports at intermediate breadths shall be obtained by linear interpolation.

(3)

The effectiveness of the freeing area in bulwarks required by paragraph (1) depends on the free flow area across the deck of a ship.
The free flow area on deck is the net area of gaps between hatchways, and between hatchways and superstructures and deckhouses up to the actual height of the bulwark.
The freeing port area in bulwarks shall be assessed in relation to the net free flow area as follows:
(a)
If the free flow area is not less than the freeing area calculated from paragraph (2) as if the hatchway coamings were continuous, then the minimum freeing port area calculated from paragraph (1) shall be deemed sufficient.
(b)
If the free flow area is equal to, or less than the area calculated from paragraph (1), the minimum freeing area in the bulwarks shall be determined from paragraph (2).
(c)
If the free flow area is smaller than calculated from paragraph (2), but greater than calculated from paragraph (1), the minimum freeing area in the bulwark shall be determined from the following formula:
F = F1 + F 2 – f p (m 2)
where:
F1 is the minimum freeing area calculated from paragraph (1);
F2 is the minimum freeing area calculated from paragraph (2); and
fp is the total net area of passages and gaps between hatch ends and superstructures or deckhouses up to the actual height of bulwark.

(4)

In ships having superstructures on the freeboard deck or superstructure decks, which are open at either or both ends to wells formed by bulwarks on the open decks, adequate provision for freeing the open spaces within the superstructures shall be provided.
The minimum freeing port area on each side of the ship for the open superstructure (As) and for the open well (Aw), shall be calculated in accordance with the following procedure:
(a)
Determine the total well length (lt) equal to the sum of the length of the open deck enclosed by bulwarks (lw) and the length of the common space within the open superstructure (ls).
(b)
To determine As:
(i)
calculate the freeing port area (A) required for an open well of length lt in accordance with paragraph (1) with standard height bulwark assumed;
(ii)
multiply by a factor of 1.5 to correct for the absence of sheer, if applicable, in accordance with paragraph (1)(c);
(iii)
multiply by the factor (bo/lt) to adjust the freeing port area for the breadth (bo) of the openings in the end bulkhead of the enclosed superstructure;
(iv)
to adjust the freeing port area for that part of the entire length of the well which is enclosed by the open superstructure, multiply by the factor:
1 – (lw/lt)2
where lw and lt are defined in paragraph (4)(a);
(v)
to adjust the freeing port area for the distance of the well deck above the freeboard deck, for decks located more than 0.5 hs above the freeboard deck, multiply by the factor:
0.5 (hs/hw)
where
hw is the distance of the well deck above the freeboard deck and hs is one standard superstructure height.
(c)
To determine Aw:
(i)
the freeing port area for the open well (Aw) shall be calculated in accordance with paragraph (b)(i), using lw to calculate a nominal freeing port area (A'), and then adjusted for the actual height of the bulwark (hb) by the application of one of the following area corrections, whichever is applicable:
–
for bulwarks greater than 1.2 m in height: Ac = lw×[(hb – 1.2)/0.10]×(0004) (m²);
–
for bulwarks less than 0.9 m in height: Ac = lw×[(hb – 0.9)/0.10]×(0004) (m²);
–
for bulwarks between 1.2 m and 0.9 m in height there is no correction (i.e. Ac = 0);
(ii)
the corrected freeing port area (Aw = A' + Ac) shall then be adjusted for absence of sheer, if applicable, and height above freeboard deck as in paragraphs (b)(ii) and (b)(v), using hs and hw.
(d)
The resulting freeing port areas for the open superstructure (As) and for the open well (Aw) shall be provided along each side of the open space covered by the open superstructure and each side of the open well, respectively.
(e)
The above relationships are summarised by the following equations, assuming lt, the sum of lw and ls, is greater than 20 m:
–
freeing port area Aw for the open well: Aw = (0.07×lw+ Ac)×(sheer correction)×(0.5hs/hw);
–
freeing port area As for the open superstructure: As = (0.07×lt)×(sheer correction)×(bo/lt)×[1 – (lw/lt)²]×(0.5hs/hw);
Where lt is 20 m or less, the basic freeing port area is A = 0.7+0035×lt in accordance with paragraph (1).

(5)

The lower edges of freeing ports shall be as near the deck as practicable. Two-thirds of the freeing port area required shall be provided in the half of the well nearest the lowest point of the sheer curve. One third of the freeing port area required shall be evenly spread along the remaining length of the well. With zero or little sheer on the exposed freeboard deck or an exposed superstructure deck the freeing port area shall be evenly spread along the length of the well.

(6)

All freeing port openings in the bulwarks shall be protected by rails or bars spaced approximately 230 mm apart. If shutters are fitted to freeing ports, ample clearance shall be provided to prevent jamming. Hinges shall have pins or bearings of non-corrodible material. Shutters shall not be fitted with securing appliances.

Regulation 25 Protection of the crew

(1)

The deckhouses used for the accommodation of the crew shall be constructed to an acceptable level of strength.

(2)

Guard rails or bulwarks shall be fitted around all exposed decks. The height of the bulwarks or guard rails shall be at least 1 m from the deck, provided that where this height would interfere with the normal operation of the ship, a lesser height may be approved, if the Administration is satisfied that adequate protection is provided.

(3)

Guard rails fitted on superstructure and freeboard decks shall have at least three courses. The opening below the lowest course of the guard rails shall not exceed 230 mm. The other courses shall be not more than 380 mm apart. In the case of ships with rounded gunwales the guard rail supports shall be placed on the flat of the deck. In other locations, guardrails with at least two courses shall be fitted. Guard rails shall comply with the following provisions:
(a)
fixed, removable or hinged stanchions shall be fitted about 1.5 m apart. Removable or hinged stanchions shall be capable of being locked in the upright position;
(b)
at least every third stanchion shall be supported by a bracket or stay;
(c)
where necessary for the normal operation of the ship, steel wire ropes may be accepted in lieu of guard rails. Wires shall be made taut by means of turnbuckles; and
(d)
where necessary for the normal operation of the ship, chains fitted between two fixed stanchions and/or bulwarks are acceptable in lieu of guard rails.

(4)

Satisfactory means for safe passage required by regulation 25-1 (in the form of guard rails, lifelines, gangways or underdeck passages, etc.) shall be provided for the protection of the crew in getting to and from their quarters, the machinery space and any other spaces used in the essential operation of the ship.

(5)

Deck cargo carried on any ship shall be so stowed that any opening which is in way of the cargo and which gives access to and from the crew's quarters, the machinery space and all other parts used in the essential operation of the ship can be closed and secured against water ingress. Protection for the crew in the form of guard rails or lifelines shall be provided above the deck cargo if there is no convenient passage on or below the deck of the ship.

Regulation 25-1 Means for safe passage of crew

(1)

The safe passage of crew shall be provided by at least one of the means prescribed in table 25-1.1 below:
Type of ship
Locations of access in Ship
Assigned Summer Freeboard
Acceptable arrangements according to type of freeboard assigned
Type “A”
Type “B-100”
Type “B-60”
Type “B” and “B+”
All ships other than oil tankers (*) , chemical tankers (*) and gas carriers (*)
1.1. Access to Mid-ship Quarters
1.1.1. Between poop and bridge, or
1.1.2. Between poop and deckhouse containing living accommodation navigating equipment or both
≤ 3000 mm
(a)
(b)
(e)
(a)
(b)
(e)
(a)
(b)
(c) (i)
(e)
(f)
(a)
(b)
(c) (i)
(c) (ii)
(c) (iv)
(d) (i)
(d) (ii)
(d) (iii)
(e)
(f) (i)
(f) (ii)
(f) (iv)
 
> 3000 mm
(a)
(b)
(e)
(a)
(b)
(e)
(a)
(b)
(c) (i)
(c) (ii)
(e)
(f) (i)
(f) (ii)
1.2 Access to Ends
1.2.1. Between poop and bow (if there is no bridge),
1.2.2. Between bridge and bow, or
1.2.3. Between a deckhouse containing living accommodation or navigating equipment, or both, and bow, or
1.2.4. In the case of a flush deck vessel, between crew accommodation and the forward and after ends of the ship.
≤ 3000 mm
(a)
(b)
(c) (i)
(e)
(f) (i)
(a)
(b)
(c) (i)
(c) (ii)
(e)
(f) (i)
(f) (ii)
(a)
(b)
(c) (i)
(c) (ii)
(e)
(f) (i)
(f) (ii)
> 3000 mm
(a)
(b)
(c) (i)
(d) (i)
(e)
(f) (i)
(a)
(b)
(c) (i)
(c) (ii)
(d) (i)
(d) (ii)
(e)
(f) (i)
(f) (ii)
(a)
(b)
(c) (i)
(c) (ii)
(c) (iv)
(d) (i)
(d) (ii)
(d) (iii)
(e)
(f) (i)
(f) (ii)
(f) (iv)
Oil tankers (*) , chemical tankers (*) and gas carriers (*)
2.1 Access to bow
2.1.1 Between poop and bow or
2.1.2 Between deckhouse containing living accommodation or navigating equipment, or both, and bow, or
2.1.3 In the case of flush deck ship, between crew accommodation and forward ends of ship
≤ (Af + Hs) (**)
(a)
(e)
(f) (i)
(f) (v)
> (Af + Hs) (**)
(a)
(e)
(f) (i)
(f) (ii)
2.2 Access to after end
In the case of flush deck ship between crew accommodation and the after end of ship
As required in 1.2.4 for other types of ships
(*)
Oil tankers, chemical tankers and gas carriers as defined in regulations II-1/2.12, VII/8.2 and VII/11.2, respectively, of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974, as amended.
(**)
Af: the minimum summer freeboard calculated as type “A” ship regardless of the type freeboard actually assigned. Hs: the standard height of superstructure as defined in regulation 33.
(***)
Arrangements (a)-(f) are described in paragraph (2) below. Locations (i)-(v) are described in paragraph (3) below.

(2)

Acceptable arrangements referred to in table 25-1.1 are defined as follows:
(a)
A well lighted and ventilated under-deck passageway (with a clear opening of at least 0.8 m wide and 2 m high), as close as practicable to the freeboard deck, connecting and providing access to the locations in question.
(b)
A permanent and efficiently constructed gangway, fitted at or above the level of the superstructure deck, on or as near as practicable to the centre line of the ship, providing a continuous platform at least 0.6 m in width and a non-slip surface and with guard rails extending on each side throughout its length. Guard rails shall be at least 1 m high with three courses and constructed as required in regulation 25(3). A foot-stop shall be provided.
(c)
A permanent walkway at least 0.6 m in width, fitted at freeboard deck level and consisting of two rows of guard rails with stanchions spaced not more than 3 m. The number of courses of rails and their spacing shall be in accordance with regulation 25(3). On type “B” ships, hatchway coamings not less than 0.6 m in height may be accepted as forming one side of the walkway, provided that two rows of guard rails are fitted between the hatchways.
(d)
A wire rope lifeline not less than 10 mm in diameter, supported by stanchions not more than 10 m apart, or a single hand rail or wire rope attached to hatch coamings, continued and supported between hatchways.
(e)
A permanent gangway that is:
(i)
located at or above the level of the superstructure deck;
(ii)
located on or as near as practicable to the centre line of the ship;
(iii)
located so as not to hinder easy access across the working areas of the deck;
(iv)
providing a continuous platform at least 1 m in width;
(v)
constructed of fire resistant and non-slip material;
(vi)
fitted with guard rails extending on each side throughout its length; guard rails shall be at least 1 m high with courses as required by regulation 25(3) and supported by stanchions spaced not more than 1.5 m apart;
(vii)
provided with a foot-stop on each side;
(viii)
having openings, with ladders where appropriate, to and from the deck. Openings shall not be more than 40 m apart; and
(ix)
having shelters set in way of the gangway at intervals not exceeding 45 m if the length of the exposed deck to be traversed exceeds 70 m. Every such shelter shall be capable of accommodating at least one person and be so constructed as to afford weather protection on the forward, port and starboard sides.
(f)
A permanent walkway located at the freeboard deck level, on or as near as practicable to the centre line of the ship, having the same specifications as those for a permanent gangway listed in (e), except for foot-stops. On type “B” ships (certified for the carriage of liquids in bulk) with a combined height of hatch coaming and fitted hatch cover of not less than 1 m in height, the hatchway coamings may be accepted as forming one side of the walkway, provided that two rows of guard rails are fitted between the hatchways.

(3)

Permitted transverse locations for arrangements in paragraphs (2)(c), (d) and (f) above, where appropriate:
(i)
at or near the centre line of the ship; or fitted on hatchways at or near the centre line of the ship;
(ii)
fitted on each side of the ship;
(iii)
fitted on one side of the ship, provision being made for fitting on either side;
(iv)
fitted on one side of the ship only;
(v)
fitted on each side of the hatchways, as near to the centre line as practicable.

(4)

(a)
Where wire ropes are fitted, turnbuckles shall be provided to ensure their tautness.
(b)
Where necessary for the normal operation of the ship, steel wire ropes may be accepted in lieu of guard rails.
(c)
Where necessary for the normal operation of the ship, chains fitted between two fixed stanchions are acceptable in lieu of guard rails.
(d)
Where stanchions are fitted, every third stanchion shall be supported by a bracket or stay.
(e)
Removable or hinged stanchions shall be capable of being locked in the upright position.
(f)
A means of passage over obstructions such as pipes or other fittings of a permanent nature, shall be provided.
(g)
Generally, the width of the gangway or deck-level walkway should not exceed 1.5 m.

(5)

For tankers less than 100 m in length, the minimum width of the gangway platform or deck-level walkway fitted in accordance with paragraphs (2)(e) or (f) above, respectively, may be reduced to 0.6 m.

Regulation 26 Special conditions of assignment for type ?A? ships

(1)

Machinery casings on type “A” ships, as defined in regulation 27, shall be protected by one of the following arrangements:
(a)
an enclosed poop or bridge of at least standard height; or
(b)
a deckhouse of equal height and equivalent strength.

(2)

Machinery casings may, however, be exposed if there are no openings giving direct access from the freeboard deck to the machinery space. A door complying with the requirements of regulation 12 is acceptable in the machinery casing, provided that it leads to a space or passageway which is as strongly constructed as the casing and is separated from the stairway to the engine-room by a second weathertight door of steel or other equivalent material.

(3)

A fore and aft permanent gangway, constructed in accordance with the provisions of regulation 25-1(2)(e), shall be fitted on type “A” ships at the level of the superstructure deck between the poop and the midship bridge or deckhouse where fitted. The arrangement contained in regulation 25-1(2)(a) is considered an equivalent means of access to carry out the purpose of the gangway.

(4)

Safe access from the gangway level shall be available between separate crew accommodations and also between crew accommodations and the machinery space.

(5)

Exposed hatchways on the freeboard and forecastle decks or on the tops of expansion trunks on type “A” ships shall be provided with efficient watertight covers of steel or other equivalent material.

(6)

Type “A” ships with bulwarks shall have open rails fitted for at least half the length of the weather deck or other equivalent freeing arrangements. A freeing port area, in the lower part of the bulwarks, of 33 % of the total area of the bulwarks, is an acceptable equivalent freeing arrangement. The upper edge of the sheer strake shall be kept as low as practicable.

(7)

Where superstructures are connected by trunks, open rails shall be fitted for the whole length of the exposed parts of the freeboard deck.